With the geographic area of 342,239 square kilometers, Rajasthan has become geographically the largest state in India acquiring almost 11% of the total Geographical area of India, after the formation of Chattisgarh as separate state in 2000. Prior to this Madhya Pradesh was recognized as the largest state in terms of area.
Located at 23º30´ and 30º 11’ North latitude and 69º 29’ and 78º 17’ East longitude. Adjacent to west and northwest to the boundaries of Pakistan, Rajasthan is surrounded by the states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in north and north east, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, in its east and south east, and by the state of Gujarat in south west.The capital of state is Jaipur, also known as Pink City and The tropic of cancer passes through its southern district Banswara.
The huge portion of land is acquired by the biggest Indian desert – The Thar Desert also known as Maru-Kantar. The oldest range of mountains the Aravalli mountains separates the into two zones the desert zone on one side and forest on the other. Mount Abu is the hilly visiting destination in the state and Gurushikhar as the highest peak of Arvalli range of mountains.
Topographically the larger portion of the state is dry region. Rajasthan is blessed with all three features of mountains, plateaus and plains. In wider terms the topography of Rajasthan can be divided into three main broad categories the Aravalli or the Hilly regions, the Thar and the other arid regions, the Plateaus of Vindhaya and the Malwa, the Fertile plains in the Mewar, the Forest Regions and the Water resources including Rivers and Salt Lakes.
The versatility of soil is found in Rajasthan. The different category of soil is sandy, saline, alkaline and chalky (calcareous). Clay, loamy, black lava soil and nitrogenous.
Due to deserted area the rainfall is low and rare. However, food crops are grown in the plain areas with the help of rivers, canals and watershed programmes.
Rajasthan enjoys the pleasure of all weather conditions. Temperature in winder ranges from 8° to 28° C (46° to 82° F) and in summer from 25° to 46° C (77° to 115° F). The average rainfall also differs the western region has almost 100 mm (about 4 in) annually, where as the southeastern part of the state receives 650 mm (26 in) annually, most of which falls from July through September during the monsoon season.
It shares its north-western and western boundary with the Indo-Pakistan international border that extends about 1,070 km and touches the major districts Barmer, Bikaner, Ganganagar and Jaisalmer. Altogether Rajasthan has 32 districts. The legislative assembly of Rajasthan has 200 seats. The state has representatives in the parliament also. The state is represented by 10 members in Rajya Sabha and 25 members in the Lok Sabha. At present the state is divided into thirty three districts.
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